The nature of information has been reviewed and analysed many times, and from different perspectives, as noted in a previous article by myself and Lyn Robinson.
New reviews can always give new insight, and a particularly illuminating one is given by Luke Tredinnick from the School of Computing and Digital Media at London Metropolitan University, in an open access paper in MDPI’s Information journal (2025, 16(9), 791).
Entitled Theory and Metatheory in the Nature of Information: Review and Thematic Analysis, this article takes a novel thematic and metatheoretical approach, examining the historicity of information, its conceptual difficulties including its subjective, objective and intersubjective nature, and its relationships to meaning, and to the material world, leading the outlining, in broad brush terms, of the scope of a foundational theory of information. The throughness of the treatment can be seen from this table of major theories of information.
A thoughtful and scholarly contribution, referencing a wide range of literature from varied disciplines, this is well worth attention from anyone interested in the wide scope of the concept of information.
The Occasional Informationist 